M'nyengo yotentha, kutentha kwakukulu ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa nkhuku, ngati simuchita ntchito yabwino yopewa kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kuwongolera kasamalidwe ka chakudya, ndiye kuti kupanga mazira kumachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo kufa kumawonjezeka.
1.Kuletsa kutentha kwambiri
Kutentha mu khola la nkhuku ndikosavuta kuwuka m'chilimwe, makamaka masana otentha, kutentha kudzafika pamlingo wa nkhuku zosasangalatsa. Panthawiyi, titha kutenga njira zoyenera zolowera mpweya wabwino, monga kutsegula mazenera, kukhazikitsa mafani olowera mpweya ndi njira zina zochepetsera kutentha mu khola la nkhuku.
2.Sungani khola la nkhuku louma komanso laukhondo
a.Tsukani khola la nkhuku
Chilimwe chimakhala chotentha komanso chinyontho, mosavuta kuswana mabakiteriya. Choncho, m’pofunika nthawi zonse kuyeretsa ndowe, zotsalira ndi zinyalala zina mu khola la nkhuku kuti khola likhale laukhondo komanso laukhondo.
b. Umboni wonyezimira
M'nyengo yamvula, tiyang'ane denga ndi makoma a khola nthawi yake kuti madzi amvula asatayike ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mkati mwa khola louma.
3. Njira zoyendetsera chakudya
a. Sinthani dongosolo la chakudya
Kutentha kukakwera, chifukwa cha mphamvu zochepa zomwe zimafunikira kuti thupi likhale lotentha, limodzi ndi kutentha kwakukulu kumapangitsa nkhuku kukhala ndi nkhawa, kotero kuti chakudya chimachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa mapuloteni kuti akwaniritse zosowa za nthawi yoyikira mazira, ziyenera kusinthidwa kuti zikhale ndi chakudya chokwanira kuti nkhuku zizitha kupeza zakudya zoyenera, kuti puloteni ikhale yolimba.
Pali njira ziwiri zosinthira kapangidwe ka chakudya, choyamba ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yazakudya, kuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi kumawonjezera kudya kwa nkhuku, motero kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a tsiku ndi tsiku. Chachiwiri ndikuwonjezera mapuloteni omwe ali m'zakudya. Kutentha kukakwera, kudya kumachepa, ndipo kuti mukhalebe ndi mapuloteni a tsiku ndi tsiku, gawo la mapuloteni muzakudya liyenera kuwonjezeka.
Pochita, kusintha kungapangidwe motsatira mfundo izi: Kutentha kukadutsa kutentha koyenera, mphamvu zomwe zili m'zakudya ziyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi 1% mpaka 2% kapena mapuloteni ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi 2% pa 1 ℃ iliyonse kutentha; kutentha kukakhala pansi pa 18 ℃, zosintha zimapangidwira mbali ina. Zoonadi, kuchepa kwa mphamvu kapena kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni kuyenera kuchulukirachulukira ndi momwe amadyetsera, nthawi zambiri asapitirire 5% mpaka 10% ya chakudya choyenera.
b. Kuonetsetsa kuti madzi akumwa mokwanira, musamadule madzi.
Nthawi zambiri pa 21 ℃, kuchuluka kwa madzi akumwa ndi 2 kuwirikiza kuchuluka kwa chakudya, chilimwe chotentha chimatha kuchuluka nthawi zopitilira 4. Muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mu thanki kapena sinki muli madzi aukhondo, ndikuphera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu thanki yamadzi ndikumira nthawi ndi nthawi.
c. Chakudya chakonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito
Mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina toyambitsa matenda timaberekana mofulumira m’nyengo yotentha kwambiri, choncho tiyenera kulabadira ukhondo ndi chakudya tsopano kuti chakudya chisawonongeke ndi nkhungu ndi kuwonongeka, kuti titeteze nkhuku kuti zisadwale ndi kusokoneza kupanga dzira.
d. Onjezerani vitamini C ku chakudya kapena madzi akumwa
Vitamini C ali wabwino odana ndi kutentha kupsyinjika zotsatira, ambiri kuchuluka kwa zina pa tani iliyonse chakudya kuphatikiza 200-300 magalamu, kumwa madzi pa 100 makilogalamu madzi kuphatikiza 15-20 magalamu.
e. Kuwonjezera 0.3% sodium bicarbonate mu chakudya.
Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri m'chilimwe, kuchuluka kwa carbon dioxide ndi kupuma kwa nkhuku kumawonjezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ayoni a bicarbonate m'magazi kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa mazira, kupatulira kwa mazira, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kusweka. Sodium bicarbonate akhoza pang'ono kuthetsa mavuto amenewa, akuti kuwonjezera sodium bicarbonate akhoza kusintha dzira kupanga ndi mfundo zoposa 5 peresenti, zinthu ndi dzira chiŵerengero utachepa ndi 0,2%, mlingo breakage utachepa ndi 1% mpaka 2%, ndipo akhoza kuchepetsa ndondomeko ya nsonga ya kuchepa kwa dzira kuika ndondomeko, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osungunuka, sodium bicarbonate mu madzi osakaniza ndi madzi osakaniza ndi madzi osakaniza. kudyetsedwa, koma ndiye tiyenera kuganizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa tebulo mchere.
4.Kupewa matenda
Matenda oopsa ndi nkhuku, chitopa, matenda ochepetsa mazira, matenda opatsirana aimpso, matenda otsekula m'mimba mwa nkhuku, matenda a Escherichia coli, matenda opatsirana a laryngotracheitis ndi zina zotero. Chitani ntchito yabwino yopewera matenda ndi kuwongolera, molingana ndi zomwe zimayambira, matenda ndi chithandizo. Kuonjezera apo, nkhuku zikadwala, onjezerani mavitamini A, D, E, C mu chakudya kuti muwonjezere kukana, kukonzanso kuwonongeka kwa mucosal, kuonjezera kuyamwa kwa calcium ndi phosphorous.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-12-2024
